Physical Health Nepal Project #29514

Minimize indoor smoke pollution for women health

by Multi-Dimensional Resource Center, Nepal (MRC Nepal)

Project Report | Nov 28, 2018
Minimize indoor smoke pollution for women health

By Bharat Bahadur Khadka | Project Leader

PCS-1 distribution

In Nepal forest conservation act is being strict. Forest User Groups are also compelled to follow rules. In such conditions poorer households have been facing to fulfill fire wood needs. Husk power stove is one of the alternatives to address needs. Community people especially in rural area are more dependency on fire wood. Increasing trend of demand has proved its effectiveness. There was active participation of local government bodies while creating demand and distribution stoves. Their role is vital for achieve outstanding progress in this period.

The following are the facts that how women and children are affected.The burning of solid fuels fills the houses and huts in poorer countries with smoke that kills the world’s poor by causing pneumonia, stroke, heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung cancer. The solid fuels responsible for this include wood, crop residues, dung, charcoal, and coal. The solution for this problem is straightforward: shift from solid fuels to modern energy sources.

There are two potential factors which can merge to influence how deaths from household air pollution are linked to income. The first one is poorer households have a stronger reliance on solid fuels for cooking. Poorer households would therefore be at higher risk of negative health impacts from household air pollution. The second is that overall health outcomes and life expentency in porer countries is typically lower than at middle and high incomes. As a result, exposure to air pollution overall may have a greater health impact on low-income households. Note that this second factor may combine with the decline in the solid fuel use to explain the falling death rates and absolute number of deaths from indoor pollution - underlying health may be improving just as the prevalence of pollution is also falling.

3.8 million people a year die prematurely from illness attributable to the household air pollution caused by the inefficient use of solid fuels and kerosene for cooking. Among these 3.8 million deaths:

27% are due to pneumonia
18% from stroke
27% from ischaemic heart disease
20% from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
8% from lung cancer.
Indoor air pollution (IAP) remains a potentially large global health threat. One half of the world population, and up to 95% in poor countries, continues to rely on solid fuels, including biomass fuels (wood, dung, agricultural residues) and coal, to meet their energy needs. Cooking and heating with solid fuels on open fires or on traditional stoves generates high levels of health-damaging pollutants, such as particulates and carbon monoxide. As women are primarily responsible for cooking, and as children often spend time with their mothers while they are engaged in cooking activities, women and young children are disproportionately affected. For example, the World Health Report (2002) estimates that acute respiratory infection (ARI) is one of the leading causes of child mortality in the world,

Achievement:

A total of 433 (portable cook stove) PCS have been supported in last 3 months period. Three orientation training were organized before the distribution of PCS. PCS using method, and importance of PCS were discussed during orientation. A total of 433 women participated the training which is conducted in 3 events. Relevant photos are attached in the report

Key features of Husk cook stove which is provided to community members.

Efficiency 30.29%
Safe money up to 60%
Save time and effort up to 50%
Easy to use: No blow pipe required
Flexibility: Portable safe and easy to carry and relocate
Healthy cooking: Reduce smoke up to 80% Retain the natural traditional cooking taste

Main Activity Progress

1 Activities: Distribution of portable cook stove-1

Date and Venue: September to November ,2018 , Makwanpur, Tanahun and Chitwan District

Objective of the activity: Minimize the indoor smoke pollution

Remarks: Detail list in Annex

Activities: Increase Awareness

Date and Venue: September to November ,2018 , Makwanpur, Tanahun and Chitwan District
Objective of the activity: Increase awareness among the community people towards adopting the environment friendly technology for cooking

Remarks: 433 Person (provided by MRC Nepal team)

Attachments:

8 Attachments

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Aug 30, 2018
Project Report of Minimize indoor smoke pollution

By Bharat Bahadur Khadka | Project Leader

By Bharat Bahadur khadka - Project leader

PCS-1 distribution

Indoor air quality and indoor air pollutants are now recognized as a potential source of health risks to exposed populations throughout the world. Women and children are the main victims. Source of indoor air pollution (IAP) mostly lies in the quality of fuel used. Women being the main cook in the household are likely to be exposed relatively more.

More than 80 percent of the Nepalese population resides in rural areas and majority of them uses biomass fuel for cooking and heating. Although the world has moved into the cleaner technologies, with the increase in the awareness level about the effects of pollutants on human health, the rural residents including continue to burn solid fuel and being exposed to very high airborne pollutants. The Ministry of Health (MoH) has recognized acute lower respiratory infection (ARI) including ALRI as one of the major public health problems among under 5 age group children.. In Nepal, acute respiratory infection (ARI), including acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) is the leading causes of childhood morbidity and mortality with significant increase in its incidence over the last few decades]. As per conducted a study in Dhading district of Nepal in 2009 reported that about 87 percent of households used solid biomass fuel as a primary source of fuel at the time of the survey and attributed 50% of ARI, mainly ALRI or pneumonia to use of solid fuel

There are few published studies related to household air pollution and its effects on health in Nepal. There is limited availability of data in Nepal for the estimation of burden of disease due to household air pollution. However, some epidemiological studies have reported significant positive association between the prevalence of chronic bronchitis and average amount of time of exposure to domestic smoke pollution both amongst the smokers and non-smokers in the rural hilly region of Nepal . In addition, household characteristics like door size, window size, and type of stoves, types of kitchen, and fuel types are also considered environmental factors affecting Indoor Air Pollution and its Effects on Human Health. Although majority of the Nepalese population particularly from remote hilly region use biomass fuel but there is limited data on health risk associated with poorly ventilated kitchen, use of low quality fuels for the cooking purpose, and use of traditional stove. Despite several governmental and nongovernmental organizations are exerting their efforts on reducing the exposure to indoor air pollutants through promotion of biogas or improved cooking stove (ICS) but their effectiveness is questionable. Monitoring is a continuous process that proves the effectiveness of stove.

Achievement:

A total of 84 PCS have been supported in last 3 months period.. Three orientation training were organized before the distribution of PCS. PCS using method, and importance of PCS were discussed during orientation. A total of 84 women participated the training which is conducted in 3 events. Relevant photos are attached in the report. It has good impact in the community.

Key features of Husk cook stove which is provided to community members.

Efficiency 30.29%
Safe money up to 60%
Save time and effort up to 50%
Easy to use: No blow pipe required
Flexibility: Portable safe and easy to carry and relocate
Healthy cooking: Reduce smoke up to 80% Retain the natural traditional cooking taste

Main Activity Progress

1 Activities: Distribution of portable cook stove-1

Date and Venue: June to August ,2018 , Makwanpur and Chitwan District

Objective of the activity: Minimize the indoor smoke pollution

Remarks: Detail list in Annex

Activities: Increase Awareness

Date and Venue: June to August,2018 , Makwanpur and Chitwan District

Objective of the activity: Increase awareness among the community people towards adopting the environment friendly technology for cooking

Remarks: 84 Person (provided by MRC Nepal team)

Attachments:

Husk_power_Chulo_5th_lot_84PC.docx (DOCX)

1 Attachment

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Jun 1, 2018
Educate the rural women against indoor air pollution

By Bharat Bahadur Khadka | Project Leader

III Report

Project report on Minimize indoorsmoke pollution for women health

By Bharat Bahadur Khadka-Project Leader

PCS-1 distribution

Globally about 3 billion people rely on solid fuel combuston(ef wood, coal,animal dung) to meet basic domestic enery needs, such as cooking and heating. Many households use traditional cook stoves to meet these cooking and heating needs, which can result extremely high indoor air pollution concentrations.

About one third of the worlds households and up to 90% of people in poor countries burn wood, dung, pit and other biomass fuels, as well as coal for energy. As women are primarily responsible for cooking, and children often spent time with their mothers. Women are young children are disproportionately affected by the indoor air pollution caused by the use of solid fuels and tradional stoves.The World Health Organization estimates that indoor air pollution contributes to nearly 4.3 million deaths annually. For this reason many non profits and firms have attemptedto make cleaner cook stoves by using cleaner fuels and adding chimneys to remove fumes.

Burning solid fiel results in high level of toxic pollutants, a major risk factor for lung cancer, and cardiovascular and respiratory disease.

These cooking practices are inefficient, and use fuels and technologies that that produce high level of household air pollution witha range of health damaging pollutants,including small soot particles that penetrate into the lungs. In poorly ventilated dwellings, indoor smoke can be 100 times higher than acceptable levels for the particles.Exposure is particularly high amongwomen and young children, who spend the most time near the domestic health.

Considering the fact that MRC Nepal targeting women and children of rural community to address the urgent need of the community specially indoor air pollution. In the begining people were not aware about the effect of traditional cooking stoves. They used to hesitate to offer improved cook stove. Graduallu they are beingrealized as a result demand of Portabl Cook Syove(PCS) is increasing and using in thir kitchen.In this connection MRC Nepal has been implementing the program in close coordination with local government body.They have been fully supporting for its effectiveness and wider coverage. This program is implemented where community does not have access to gas stove and they are fully relying on solid fuel combuston. People can afford it easilyas the cost is cheaper and easy to handling.

Government of Nepal also being focussed women and child health related to progam at local level.Such program definitely will help the government program.Nepal Nepal also lobying to adress the issues at policy level.

Achievement:

A total of 167 PCS have been supported in last 2 months period. Cumulitive coverage is 492 which are more than the target.Three orientation training were organized before PCS distribution. PCS using tecniques and importance of PCS were discuussed in the training.A total 75 women participated the training.

Key features of Husk cook stove

Efficiency 30.29%
Save money:Save wood upto 60%
Save time and effort upto 50 %
Easy to use: No blow pipe requires
Flexibility:Portablesafe and easy to carry and relocate
Healthy cooking:Reduce smoke upto 80%. Retain the natural traditional cooking taste.

Main activity progress

1 Activities:Diatribution of portable cook stove

Date and venue:April to May 2018, Makwanpur and Chitwin districts

Objective of the activity:Minimize the indoor smoke pollution

Remarks:Detail list in anex

1 Activities:Diatribution of portable cook stove

Date and venue:April to May 2018, Makwanpur and Chitwin districts

Objective of the activity:Minimize the indoor smoke pollution

Remarks:Detail list in anex

1 Activities:Increase awareness

Date and venue:April to May 2018, Makwanpur and Chitwin districts

Objective of the activity:Increase awareness among the communitypeople towards adopting the environment friendly technology for cooking

Remarks:167 PCS for 167 persons( provided by MRC Nepal

Attachments:

Nedco_chulo_6_lot_Chit167pcs.docx (DOCX)

1 Attachment

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